Findo’s 12 Facts

Back in episode 2.1 I spoke about Andrew Finden’s (Findo) 12 facts of Jesus and largely dismissed them out of hand.  After Andrew made a few comments on this web site (see here, here, here, and here) we reignited our conversation.  After a short salvos each way, we agreed that I should look at “the 12 factual claims historian agree upon” before proceeding onto any implications resulting.  So let’s have a look at these 12 facts:

1) Jesus died due to crucifixion

Really?  The Romans were apparently meticulous record keepers.  Surely one of them would have written down the names of those executed and Jesus would appear on a list dated to around 36 AD?  Nope, nothing.  Also keep these curious facts in mind:

1. Jesus is reported to have only written a few things down, then immediately erased them leaving no trace.
2. There are no depictions of Jesus from the times he was reported to have lived.  We have no idea what he looked like.
3. Jesus left no physical trace for any supposed miracle.  Walking on water, feeding people, and healing disease do not leave long lasting evidence.
4. The reported pieces of the cross would probably fill an ark.
5. The Shroud of Turin is a proven fraud.  It’s even been accurately copied.
6. All we have are reports from self confessed eye witnesses (see this post), and
7. The documents we have date to decades after the supposed events.

This is shaky data indeed. It’s like Jesus never really existed at all.

2) …was buried afterwards

Not an amazing claim. I would expect people have been burying the dead for a long time.  They stink up the place.

3) Jesus’ death caused the disciples to experience despair and lose hope, believing that their master was dead.

Follows.  No big deal there.  Perfectly believable.

4) The tomb in which Jesus was buried was discovered to be empty just a few days later.

This of course assumes there was a guy called “Jesus” in the first place, and he was buried honourably to spite the extreme humiliation he experienced leading up to his death.  While this point does not mention it directly, it does elude to the central miraculous claim of Christianity – Jesus rose.  Assuming there was a Jesus for the sake of argument, there are still many more plausible explanations for empty tombs without resorting to the supernatural.

5) The disciples had real experiences which they thought were literal appearances of the risen Jesus.

I do not doubt that people have “experiences” which they can believe to be many things.  People report seeing Elvis is Michael Jackson, or describe in great detail being abducted by aliens and experimented on, often sexually.  Many of these people are totally convinced their experiences are real, does this make them so?

6) The disciples were transformed from timid and troubled doubters afraid to identify themselves with Jesus to bold preachers of his death and resurrection who were more than willing to die for their faith in him.

Ahh, the old “people wouldn’t die for a lie” line.  Problem is – they do.  It is sufficient for people to really believe their claims in order to perform extraordinary acts based upon those beliefs.  For example, the Heaven’s Gate Cult committed suicide to hitch a ride on an alien space craft hidden in the tail of Haley’s comet.  Crazy, to be sure.  Are we to believe that based solely on this fact that their beliefs were somehow true?

7) This message was the center of preaching in the earliest church.

And?  Many religions were started by small groups of people making extraordinary claims.  This does not make any of them true, but they can all be wrong.

8) Was especially proclaimed in Jerusalem, the same city where Jesus had recently died and had been buried.

Errr – where is the surprise?

9) As a direct result of this preaching, the church was born.

This is a restating of “facts” 7 and 8.

10) Featuring Sunday as the special day of worship.

Completely non spectacular.  It’s also contested within the Christian community.  Waving your hands and saying Jesus or the disciples abandoned the existing Sabbath to establish their own does not make it fact.  It hardly makes any sense.

(11) James, a brother of Jesus who had been a skeptic, was converted when he believed that he saw the resurrected Jesus.

There once was a skeptic, just like you.  He saw the risen Jesus and instantly converted to the one true religion.  You should too.  Blergh.

11) A few years later, Paul was also converted to the Christian faith by an experience which he, likewise, thought was an appearance of the risen Jesus.

According to the primary sources of this “fact”, Paul never met Jesus nor was a follower his prior to this reported experience.  While books could, and have, been written about Paul, all I need demonstrate here is that revelations are necessarily  first person.  Paul says he had an experience.  He says is was Jesus.  He says.

Ultimately, I am not that impressed with these “factual” claims, but I will persist with the exercise.  There are a number of documents Findo has referred me towards which (I believe) make the historical case behind these facts undeniable.  I will post my thoughts on these soon.

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  • http://www.facebook.com/anwyll David Gibson

    “the 12 factual claims historian agree upon”

    More like 12 features of the Jesus story Christian Historians think happened because they place a greater than historically justifiable level of validity to the gospels.

    The whole 'list of things which must be true' really smacks of attempting to distract people from all the contradictions between the gospel accounts.

  • http://www.facebook.com/GuinnessX David Ashton

    Findo's "source", Gary Habermas, is a Christian apologist pretending to be a historian, not an actual historian applying the proper standards and methodology to investigate historical claims. I suggest checking out Vridar's post on the contrast between apologists and historians just for a little background before you delve in: http://vridar.wordpress.com/2010/04/24/historical…

    • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

      Thank you. I am sure @findo will have something to say about this.

      • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

        All I have to say is that David Ashton's response (apart from the link) is pure ad hominem. The article I refer to is published in an independent peer reviewed journal (published by SAGE), and if he has a problem with any of the sources in that review he should say which ones. I'm not so much interested in what Habermas has to say, but what the scholars he reviews have to say. In fact, I'm not particularly interested in what you think either – I mean, it must really be a slow day down in Tassie to spend a chunk of a podcast and a blog post worrying about an argument rehashed on twitter by an expat musician in Europe! I'm not particularly interested in the opinion of people who just mock and call names of those whose crime is simply to have a different philosophical assumption! I'm not going to waste hours of my time on something that you and all your followers have decided simply cannot happen anyway. Anyone who's actually interested can go and read the historians and scholars for themselves.

        • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

          it must really be a slow day down in Germany to spend a good chunk of time worrying about an argument rehashed on twitter by some guy in Tasmania! I'm not particularly interested in the opinion of people who just mock and call names of those whose crime is simply to have a different philosophical assumption! I'm not going to waste hours of my time on something that you and all your followers have decided simply happened regardless of any verifiable data. Anyone who's actually interested can go and read the historians and scholars for themselves.

        • http://www.facebook.com/GuinnessX David Ashton

          Gary Habermas is an apologist. He is not a historian. Calling him an apologist who pretends to be a historian is accurate. I was just pointing out a article written on the very subject of apologists methods of historical study, and was more than happy to be disrespectful to Habermas.

          I don't have time to read both links that Andrew posted above, but I have read a bit of the first one, and see that it tries to pass off the gospel accounts as basic facts. They are not eyewitness accounts. They were not written until decades after the events were said to have happened. He also says that the "Virtually all scholars today agree that Jesus died by crucifixion and that his body was afterwards buried." Who are these scholars? Do they work in accredited universities, and have degrees in relevant fields? I have no idea. There's no reference to any poll or study done to back up Habermas' claim. He could be right, but then again, you have NO BASIC FACTS concerning the resurrection.

          Find me an actual historian who will accept 2nd and 3rd hand reports of events decades after they happen as basic facts on any other subject in antiquity, and I'll consider it. Then again, I can also find the lone structural engineer who thinks the twin towers were brought down by controlled demolitions on 9/11.

          • AndrewFinden

            Who are these scholars?

            Well maybe you should have kept reading before commenting.

            There's no reference to any poll or study done

            Yes there is. Keep reading.

            Find me an actual historian who will accept 2nd and 3rd hand reports of events decades after they happen as basic facts on any other subject in antiquity, and I'll consider it.

            You mean someone like Prof. Edwin Judge: http://www.usyd.edu.au/senate/committees/Judge.sh… | http://www.publicchristianity.com/Videos/historyt… ?

            • http://www.facebook.com/GuinnessX David Ashton

              After additional reading, it occurs to me that the scholars he refers to are theologians. That they accept these "facts" is no surprise. It shouldn't surprise you that the opinion of theologians doesn't matter much to me. Theologians don't care if what they believe is true as much as they can make their faith unfalsifiable. I agree with Robert Heinlein. "Theology is never any help; it is searching in a dark cellar at midnight for a black cat that isn't there."

              What are Edwin Judge's areas of study outside of the New Testament that he uses non-eyewitness accounts written decades later as basic facts of historical events?

            • AndrewFinden

              That's a clever slight of hand – of course any historian who studies the NT documents is a NT scholar! What's more, if you were truly aware of who those scholars are that he reviews you would realise that they are the leading names in the study of this area, and further that not they do not all accept the resurrection (e.g. Ehrman – the anti-theists favourite NT Scholar and theologian! http://benwitherington.blogspot.com/2009/04/bart-…. So your point continues to be ad hominem in an attempt to avoid the actual argument.

              As for Judge – presumably as Augustus was his other area of expertise, he relied on the writings of historians such as Seutonius and Paterculus, neither of whom were born when Augustus died, or perhaps even Cassius Dio who wasn't born until over 100 years later..

            • http://www.facebook.com/GuinnessX David Ashton

              The quality of sources matter. I'm sorry if it seems like I am avoiding the actual argument, but I contest the reliability of the gospel accounts, and the integrity and honesty of any theologian who uses non-eyewitness accounts written decades after the events as primary sources. I don't see where I made any sort of implication of who is and is not an NT scholar. The farther back in history we go, the harder it is to ascertain basic historical facts. In the case of Caesar Augustus, we have words written by him. We have words written by his friends and enemies. We have Roman coins with his face on it. While later historians cannot be used as evidence for basic facts, they can be used to corroborate other accounts and give historians different ideas of how events transpired. In such cases, historians are dealing with possibilities and probabilities, not certainties. If Judge is using historian's accounts written THAT long after the event to establish basic facts, he is too credulous to be trusted.

              There's a man named Sathya Sai Baba in southern India. He's a guru and spiritual leader. He can levitate, change water into other liquids (including gasoline), make food multiply, control the weather, walk on water, materialize objects, read minds, foretell the future, and even raise the dead. He was even born of a virgin. He's still alive. You can travel to India and speak to tens of thousands of people who have witnessed his miracles firsthand. He had a birthday a few years ago, and a million people showed up, so he's not some small time cult leader.

              Here, you have contemporary evidence of miracles backed up by many, many eyewitnesses. Do you believe that he is capable of performing actual miracles? I think not. No doubt you are skeptical of his claims, just as you are probably skeptical of alien abductions, the people killed in the Salem witch trials actually using magic, and other similar claims. The evidence for Sai Baba's claims are vastly superior to anything we have for Jesus (both his historicity and his miracles) in both quantity and quality.

              You, and the theologians who accept yours and Habermas' 12 facts, are using double standards. You don't apply the same skepticism and critical thinking to your own religious claims as you do to the claims of others. Given the fallibility of human memory and the overall unreliability of eyewitness testimony, other people's doubt and skepticism over the events of the resurrection shouldn't surprise you.

            • AndrewFinden

              You certainly like to run off on assumptions, don't you? Who ever said I was surprised at your scepticism? How would you even know what I might think about Baba?

              You are of course quite welcome to contest the reliability of the gospels – that doesn't change the results of Habermas' review of the literature – over 1400 works published in the last 25 years showing that the majority of scholars who deal with the subject, whether they accept the resurrection as historical or reject it, accept that those 12 things can be reliably gleamed from the texts as most likely having happened- even if the rest is embellishment. But all you've done is assert that this cannot be right & try a little ad hominem about Habermas and the scholars he reviewed, instead of just admitting that you disagree with that majority regarding these points and explaining why. You see, it's not disagreement that's the problem, I'm fine with that – it's derision and dismissal of any dissenting voice (which so often happens when anti-theists get together) which I have no respect for.

              I find it a strange position to think 20-50years is too far removed, I mean really.. just look at most of the great ancient histories and when they were written in comparison (yes, we have a few autobiogs from a few rulers.. but most ancient history is written much later). I doubt you would find more than a handful of scholars who would argue that 20-50 years is far too late to be reliable. As one I recall put it, most historians would die for that kind of proximity. Or perhaps you really do only accept a very small selection of antiquity?

              In any case, your eagerness to besmirch a respected historian like Judge, and continual insistence that NT scholars (& theologians) can't be historians (except for the ones who say things you like, e.g. Ehrman, it would seem!) and your willingness to make large assumptions about me and what I might think of other claims and issues, like you have, once again reiterates the pointlessness of this whole exercise.

              (seems the unsubscribe link on the email doesn't work! hmmm…)

            • Nathan

              And Andrew not accusing you of avoiding the question, but what do you think of the guru? or the alien abductions? Why is the gurus eye witness account evidence not enough if you don't believe them?

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              I'm not so much avoiding the question as refusing to get dragged into a largely irrelevant issue. There's no such thing as a 'one size fits all' explanation – there's no requirement that if you accept one claim you must accept them all. The question in point simply assumes the data is comparable, if not superior – quite simply, I don't know which documents David is referring to; I've never read them, and in any case, they're completely irrelevant to a C1st claim (ignoring the fact that levels of available evidence are going to be different between C1st & C21st claims). We must take each case separately and deal with the data we have in each case. So to answer your question then – what about the Guru & aliens? I don't know.. honestly, I guess I'm agnostic about it.. I simply don't have a position because I haven't looked into it. Again, it's not just a matter of 'they said they saw it, must have happened'. My argument is much more nuanced than @askegg seems to want to understand (which is precisely why I exited the discussion last time, before he decided to resurrect it on his blog, and for which I am attempting to exit yet again! Believe me, I'm not running away from too-hard questions – I'm running away from wasting time. I mean, do you really think that someone who calls me a "fucktard" is really interested to hear what I have to say? Surely we've all got better things to do with our time, right?)
              My argument is about best explaining the historical data (via the Argument to Best Explanation criteria of power, scope and least ad hoc etc.). I realise that many will not agree with my conclusions – if one has naturalist assumptions or not will play a large part in that – and I realise that some here wish to challenge the data (data that I find to be sufficiently well attested & that the majority of scholars agree is well enough attested to be considered historical). That's fine. Surely we can disagree without besmirching the other's intelligence? Probably most of us can, but from experience, not all, which is why I don't wish to follow up the OP at this point.

            • Jamie Michelle

              Hey Nathan, this is what i think alien abductions are…demonic manifestations Ephesians 6:12. They are negative in nature, violation, produce fear and all sorts of problems with there abductees. Just like any demonic attack you call on the name of Jesus for them to leave. People are stopping abductions now by calling on the name of Jesus. Why is it that they stop when Jesus is brought into the picture?? and why is it that committed Christians don't have abductions cases?? People who dabble in the occult open up spiritual doors and God warns us to stay away from it Deuteronomy 18 – 10:12 kind regards x

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/Nathan_Parsons Nathan_Parsons

              Please demonstrate the existence of demons, or provide unambiguous evidence of their existence. Follow this with a demonstration of demonic manifestations, or again, evidence of such, in this case in the context of an alien abduction.

              Have you ever noticed the lack of actual evidence for alien abductions? All of the people who claim to have experienced them are people who vehemently claim that aliens exist and that they visit us. These people believe that aliens come to Earth and abduct people. They misinterpret something unusual to them, then write it off, without evidence, as evidence for the existence of aliens. (It's starting to sound like religion to me)

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

              Once again you have skillfully evading the point raised and repeated our assertion \”literary reviews of historical documents written decades after the events they record are sufficient for believing miracles\”. You have not address the question of what to do with millions of Baba followers who will testify regarding his miraculous powers. Surely the weight of Baba's evidence is astounding in comparison to your Jesus claims – why accept one but not the other. Please explain it to us.

            • http://www.facebook.com/GuinnessX David Ashton

              I'm sorry, but I have a hard time showing respect for scholars who I believe are being intellectually wreckless in using non-eyewitness accounts of events written decades after the events as enough to establish basic historic facts. Just because someone has a PhD does not mean that I have to respect them. If Judge was using those accounts of Caesar Augustus as corroboration of other records to increase the probability of certain claims for which there is already good evidence, I have no problem with his work on Augustus.

              Yes, I am skeptical of much of history. I apply the same standards to other areas of history as I do to Jesus and the New Testament. I'm not a mythicist. I'm not saying that Jesus never lived. There very well could have been someone who the stories are based on. It's the specifics that I am very skeptical of.

              I find it odd that Paul's epistles never mention any of Jesus' miracles. They are the earliest writings we have on Jesus. In Galatians, he said that he met James and Simon Peter. Surely Paul would have had even greater success spreading his message if he knew that Jesus had performed miracles. Superstition reigned supreme in antiquity. Jesus was not the only messiah around at those times. Yet Paul never mentioned them.

              Miracles start popping up in Mark, which is used as a basis for the other gospels (as well as Q). Each gospel is more elaborate than the one written prior. Even then, they are not consistent. We know the gospels contain interpolations. We have no original copies, so additional interpolations may be in there that we have no idea about.

              We have good reasons to doubt the accuracy and reliability of the NT. Any "facts" gleamed from the gospels should not be presented as actual facts.

              If you're a Christian and accept the divinity of Baba, you would be a very odd creature indeed. You would not be a Christian, but some sort of new-agey spiritual enlightenment seeker. Possible, but I find it highly doubtful. If you do deny the miracles associated with Baba, but accept the events in the gospels as fact, why? What about alien abductions and the witch trials?

              I do apologize for assuming you were surprised, and that you probably do not believe in alien abductions and black magic being used back in Salem. Most Christians I speak to who use evangelist sources such as Habermas do not believe in aliens because they believe God created this entire universe for just us. Maybe you really do believe aliens are traveling untold light years and using an enormous amount of their resources to mutilate some cows and molest an occasional human. Maybe you really do believe in black magic.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              Just because someone has a PhD does not mean that I have to respect them

              Well Judge has more than just a PhD to be sure, and certainly has the respect of his peers and the academic career and works to show for it. I'm sure he cares very little what you or I think of him, particularly when such opinions might be based on not even having read his work. My objection, to be fair, is more towards @askegg who seems to think that just saying 'clap trap' is a legitimate answer to a respected scholar… well.. I think that's the real clap trap!

              I find it odd that Paul's epistles never mention any of Jesus' miracles.

              When the literary context is considered, I don't find it odd at all – Paul is writing pastorally to people who already believe in Jesus and who are no doubt hearing the stories via the usual practice of oral tradition. And at any rate, Paul is primarily interested in the resurrection, which he certainly mentions.

              Each gospel is more elaborate than the one written prior

              They're certainly written for different audiences with different emphases.

              Superstition reigned supreme in antiquity.

              That's cultural and chronological snobbery (and I would say, somewhat ignorant of the history too – after all, Paul was mocked for the message – don't think skepticism and atheism is anything new!)

              Jesus was not the only messiah around at those times. Yet Paul never mentioned them.

              Indeed! There were several other would be messiahs put to death, and yet in every other case, their followers dissipated because they knew that such a death put an end to their hopes (as indeed, Jesus' disciples like wise felt after his death). This is one of N.T. Wright's main lines of argument – not only did any Jew know that a dead messiah, especially one killed in a 'cursed by God' way was certainly not the messiah, and further, that if Rome was still in charge, then talk of a resurrection was absurd (2nd Temple Judaism only allowed for resurrection on the final day of Judgement) – but despite this hurdle, the belief flourished. http://www.ntwrightpage.com/Wright_Historical_Pro… http://www.ntwrightpage.com/Wright_Jesus_Resurrec…

              We know the gospels contain interpolations.

              How does the interpolation of the woman caught in adultery from John effect the multiple attestation of the 12 points above? As I've said – my argument does not require inerrancy – despite whatever errors or interpolations one might assert, an historical core can be found, and is generally accepted as such.

              We have no original copies, so additional interpolations may be in there that we have no idea about.

              Intriguing sentence – of course, in ancient history we can only work with what we do have, which will always be partial to some degree, but let's not make arguments from silence. Sure, we don't have the autographs, but then we have autographs for very little, if anything from that era. And again, when one actually compares the manuscripts we have for the NT against other ancient documents it is overwhelming – there are literally thousands of extant manuscripts, most dating from very much earlier than copies of other documents, for which we generally have not more than a dozen copies dating from much much later (millenia in some cases of major historical works). The argument that we simply can't know what was written just doesn't hold water when you actually look at the manuscript evidence.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              pt 2

              We have good reasons to doubt the accuracy and reliability of the NT. Any "facts" gleamed from the gospels should not be presented as actual facts.

              They can be presented as historical 'facts' – that is, that they most likely happened, as much as any other event which is gleamed from multiple attestation in documents of similar (or 'worse') proximity. You use the term 'we' but you've in fact not shown any scholarship to back that up, while I have referred to a literature review in a peer reviewed historical journal which references scholars of all different views who, in the majority, accept these 12 things as most likely having happened, even if they reject everything else in the gospels. If you want to challenge the review, please do so with scholarship and research, not just ad hominem. Of course, feel free to disagree with them, but you can' just pretend the mainstream position isn't that.

              If you're a Christian and accept the divinity of Baba, you would be a very odd creature indeed.

              Wait a second.. there's a further assumption in there that miracle worker = divine, which isn't so. I might very well accept him as a miracle worker (not saying I do.. I've got no idea, haven't looked into it) but that doesn't mean he must be divine. There are plenty of examples in the bible of people doing miracles who aren't God's people… In any case, Baba is irrellevent – there's no 'one size fits all' answer or explanation, and there's no need to take all or nothing. Each case must be examined on its own, and in this case, Baba 'aint the case. It seems very close to the argument in discussion here: http://spiritualmeanderings.wordpress.com/2010/06…

            • Vinny

              As I understand Habermas' methodology, a conservative Christian theologian who assumed the historicity of the gospels in an article about the theological implications of Jesus' death and resurrection would be classified as a scholar who accepts the empty tomb as historical. He need not have any knowledge of historiography and he need not have made any attempt to apply critical historical methods to the data. In assessing the probability that the empty tomb is an actual historical event, why should an article like that matter to any rational person?

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              No, I don't think it's as simple as that. There are plenty of theologians who write about the significance of the death and resurrection – big name ones – who he doesn't even mention. If you check the names, they are all people who explore the historicity, and don't necessarily come to the same conclusions that he might.

            • Vinny

              I have never seen a list of names. I have only read his descriptions of his methodology. He says that most of the scholars are theologians or New Testament scholars rather than historians and most of them are writing for moderate conservative Christian journals.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              Read the footnotes. And it's disingenuous to pretend that NT Scholars are not doing historical scholarship.

            • Vinny

              I am sure that some NT scholars do historical research that is quite impressive, however, in order for an appeal to authority to have any weight, the authority must be shown to be an expert in the relevant field. The fact that most of Habermas' scholars are not historians is enough to render his survey nugatory.

              The problem with the prevalence of theologians in the survey is that theologians often have theological reasons for accepting particular facts as historical. William Lane Craig has said that even if he found the empirical evidence going against Christianity, it would not change his faith because the witness of the Holy Spirit in his heart would trump the empirical evidence. There is no reason that a historical theory should be expected to explain theological beliefs.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              in order for an appeal to authority to have any weight, the authority must be shown to be an expert in the relevant field.

              Well.. that's exactly what many of these names are – experts in the field of NT and C1st Jewish and Greek thought and history. Your reasoning, if applied to another ancient text – say Suetonius shows how absurd it is – a suetonian scholar obviously is an expert in that field! Or more broadly, a scholar of C2nd greek texts is obviously an expert in that field. To then argue that scholars specializing in the NT texts are somehow not experts in that field is baffling – unless of course you're just imposing some prejudice because it happens to also be a religious text.
              Were the scholars all WLC-esque you may have a point, but such arguments as you make cannot reasonably be sustained against people like Moltmann, Strauss, Ehrman, Lüdemann, Hengel, Borg, Brown, Fuller, Crossan, Wright.. heck, he even included Wells in there, and he is clearly on the very fringe in his criticisms.
              To pretend that it's just a list of what "WLC & friends" thinks is very much mistaken as anyone who reads the footnotes and references will easily see.

            • Vinny

              I don't claim for a minute that all the scholars share WLC's view. However, I do maintain that a survey that purports to establish the consensus view of historians should not include any scholars whose faith based commitment to a particular view would cause them to reject the conclusions of historical methodology.

              A scholar of 2nd century Greek texts might well be an expert in ancient languages or textual criticism rather than a historian. He might be able to offer an expert opinion on the meaning of a particular passage or the likelihood that a particular passage is an interpolation, but he might have to look to a scholar trained in history or archeology to tell him whether a passage accurately describes the course of a particular battle.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              I do maintain that a survey that purports to establish the consensus view of historians should not include any scholars whose faith based commitment to a particular view would cause them to reject the conclusions of historical methodology.

              Can you please reference this alleged comment? Where did he make it?
              In any case, such criteria would itself be biased – a literature review is just that – it reviews the literature, and it would be methodologically dishonest to omit those who the author might not like. Habermas review encapsulates those who publish scholarly work on the issue, and like it or not, WLC does that – if his conclusions are not shared by other, perhaps more methodologically secure scholars, then the review would show that. I think it is misguided to suggest that the majority of the scholars Habermas has reviewed aren't qualified to make informed judgements in their work. (one also assumes that scholars who publish would also reference their work, and rely on other experts when needed as you allude to). It strikes me as odd that you think textual criticism is not a form of historical investigation! Quite simply, your criticism of the review just doesn't stand up. I realise that such a consensus doesn't match what is oft spouted on anti-theist forums and so might seem to jar, but mainstream scholarship is often not reflected in internet discussions! If you disagree that these 12 points are not accepted by the majority of scholars who write about the issue, then please demonstrate that.

            • Vinny

              Don't be ridiculous. I am more than justified in rejecting Habermas' conclusions based on his flawed methodology.

              WLC says "The way that I know Christianity is true is first and foremost on the basis of the witness of the Holy Spirit in my heart. This gives me a self-authenticating means of knowing Christianity is true wholly apart from the evidence. And therefore, if in some historically contingent circumstances,the evidence that I have available to me should turn against Christianity. I don’t think that that controverts the witness of the Holy Spirit. In such a situation, and I should regard that simply as a result of the contingent circumstances that I am in, and that if I were to pursue this with due diligence and with time I would discover that in fact that the evidence—if I could get the correct picture—would support exactly what the witness of the Holy Spirit tells me." http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-fDyPU3wlQ

            • AndrewFinden

              Would you care to elaborate how reviewing around 1400 published works in the last 25 years by the mainstream scholars who publish in and study this area, and whose views constitute a broad spectrum of opinion, including those who don't share Habermas' views on the resurrection, constitutes 'flawed methodology'? Just how would you do a literature review if not to, say, review the literature?

              Your rejection, based merely on the fact he includes scholars who you don't like is not justified. You may think it is, and assert that it is, but that doesn't make it so, as I have outlined why. Besides, if we consider WLC to be on the one fringe of scholarship, surely that's balanced by including Wells who is decidedly on the other fringe, arguing against even Jesus' existence. And in any case, as I said, it's unreasonable to suggest that WLC's approach is necessarily shared by the rest of the scholars.

              Sorry Vinny, as valiant as your attempts to discredit this research are, they are simply prejudiced and ignorant of the both the nature of this review and it would seem, how literature reviews in general work! If you disagree with Habermas' conclusions, then please show us some peer reviewed research (as I have done) to back it up.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

              Exactly how many of these 1,400 documents are eye witness accounts, and how many are derivative works based on earlier writings? Should we believe an original story as being factually true if it is repeated by enough people? Please explain you rationale.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              You really haven't been paying attention, have you!
              The 1400 documents are ones published in the last 25 years by mainstream scholars in the field. If you'd actually read the links posted you would know that. My argument, because you keep missing it (this is the umpteenth time of trying to clarify for you, and the reason I gave up the first time) is that based on the review of this literature – the publications of scholars of differing viewpoints, from Wells to WLC via Ehrman, Borg & Dunn et al. – these are the minimal 12 things that they majority accept as having taken place. Now please get this – this says NOTHING about what these scholars think about the actual resurrection; many of them reject the resurrection yet still accept these 12 non-miraculous points.

              So I have explained my rationale sufficiently, too many times. The reasonable reader (rather than perhaps the one who seeks merely to get a few laughs and call some names.. yes, I am talking about you) will surely be able to understand it well enough.

              I will however, despite your ignorance of my argument, apply your question where is ought to go:

              Should we believe an original story as being factually true if it is repeated by enough people?

              If we are talking about ancient texts, and multiple attestation, it is simply the reality that an account that is early and independently, multiply attested and with no competing account is most likely to be true. If we take the account that Jesus was crucified, that is attested very early by Paul, and multiply and independently by other writers, both canonical and non-canonical. Further, there is no competing account and the extant hostile witness referenced in Matthew confirms that the tomb was found empty – which implicitly confirms he was killed and buried there. As it happens, this hostile apologetic is pretty poor – saying the disciples stole the body – and no contemporary scholar that I know of would argue that they did so. Another point to consider that it is in no way unlikely for a would-be messiah to be executed, this was not uncommon. So not only is it well enough attested, lacking in competing account by not unlikely either. So why doubt it? Because of where it may perhaps lead down the track?

            • Vinny

              You seem to be ignorant of the manner in which historians determine which events probably occurred. They don't do it by surveying theologians.

            • AndrewFinden

              You seem to have missed the point too.
              We're not looking at historians surveying theologians but rather a theologian surveying those who've done the historical study.
              Of course it is the usual criteria of multiple attestation, lack of competing account etc. that these scholars use – it is conclusion regarding their consensus that Habermas' review establishes. Close but no cigar… again.

            • Vinny

              BTW, how many Islamic scholars and Islamic journals were included in Habermas' survey?

            • AndrewFinden

              Thanks for the video.

              Your question about Islamic scholars is a red herring, intended to distract from the fact that most of the scholars in question are the mainstream scholars who deal in this area and they do not all share conservative Christian views either. Further, the editorial board of the Journal in question is not homogeneously conservative either but has scholars who hold to a wide range of views, including those who do not accept the resurrection, and those who belong to the Jesus Seminar.
              Yet again, your attempts to portray this as too biased to have any credibility is demonstrably false. Again, if you contest that these points are not accepted as historical by the majority of scholars who publish on this subject, then please, show us your literature review.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

              Your entire argument is an appeal to authority. It would not matter if you had 10,000 people telling me some guys \”experience\” on the road to Damascus was sufficient evidence to conclude the creator of the universe took human form to kill himself and pay the price he initially set.

              Furthermore, and empty tomb, the beginnings of a religious movement, and yet more third hand accounts of \”experiences\” people had do not create a stack of evidence high enough to demonstrate these extraordinary claims.

              We are not talking about the mere existence of an individual, their political or military life, or their achievements. Many people had lives which included various mixtures of these elements, but NONE have ever had an eclipse and earthquake at their moment of death, cause \”the bodies of the saints to rise up and visit many in the cities\”, have another earthquake to release them from their tombs, rise from the dead after three days, appear to numerous people before ascending into \”heaven\”.

              Of course, you will complain that such events are impossible to demonstrate as true 2,000 after the event, but that does not excuse you from the burden of proof. If I were you, I would refrain from making such outrageous claims.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              No, an appeal to authority is to say that because x says it's true it must be. I have not made that claim. I am simply pointing out that the majority of scholars who study this area share my view. Arguing that scholarly consensus has weight is not a fallacious appeal to authority. The consensus could of course be wrong, but simply dismissing the consensus opinion or refusing to believe that it is so because it jars with preconceptions is not exactly rational either. In my opinion, the one who argues against scholarly consensus bears the burden in doing so. Attempts to discredit the claim to consensus have fallen flat, pending some other peer reviewed literature review to say otherwise.
              Further, your comment betrays the fact that you still don't actually understand my line of argument. I have said nothing about what these scholars conclude as explanation for things like Paul's Damascus Rd experience. No doubt, many of them who accept that he experienced something would like you reject the idea that he met the risen Jesus.
              If you will carefully re-read what I have written here, and what you have quoted me on, my only claim is that the majority of scholars who study this area accept that those 12 non-miraculous events actually happened.
              I have provided peer reviewed scholarship to back up my claim regarding the the position of mainstream scholarship. That is hardly outrageous. All that I see in reply is personal incredulity.
              I, like the majority of scholars, find these 12 events sufficiently attested, fulfilling the criteria for authenticity. Further, by applying the criteria of Argument to Best Explanation, I find no natural explanation with sufficient scope, power or with less reliance on ad hoc for all of this data. I don't expect you to agree with my conclusions, particular when you seem to have decided that miracles can't happen.

              Talk of earthquakes and eclipses (who said it was an eclipse btw?) at the time of death is no reason to assume that the entire narrative or reference of his cruficixion is fabricated in every source, particularly when there is no competing account. By the normal criteria of attestation, that he was crucified is most likely true, earthquakes or not. Even if the resurrected saints is an embellishment by Matthew, there are still two earlier sources attesting the crucifixion, the earliest being unembellished. You see – as I have said before, despite whatever errors or embellishments there may be, a reliable historical core can be found via the usual methodology. There is no need to throw the baby Jesus out with the bathwater!

              My argument is logically sound and referenced. Yours is merely Appeal to ridicule.

            • Vinny

              Habermas described 75% of the journals surveyed as moderate Christian conservative. Why should those opinions matter while the opinions of Islamic scholars do not? It's called sampling bias.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              Ah I see – if 75% of the people who study and area hold a different view to you, it must be biased sampling! Of course, you're begging the question – there's no reason why they could not hold those views because of their research – it is fallacious to immediately assume they are all just biased (if you do want to argue that, you must accept that the opposite is also so – Wells and Ehrmann are thus 'biased' and unreliable too). If you can name an Islamic scholar of C1st Palestine who publishes about the existence of Jesus, by all means, tell me and I'll be happy to read him or her. Moreover, if you can tell me which mainstream scholars not of 'conservative' view that Habermas' review has missed out, your claim might have some credibility.
              All that your argument is, as yet, is that you don't like the findings, therefore they must be wrong.

              Again, if you dispute that this is the consensus of the mainstream scholarship regarding the historical Jesus, please, would you be so kind as to reference some peer reviewed scholarship. Thanks.

            • Vinny

              Sure, there is no reason that those theologians couldn’t have come to their conclusions about the empty tomb based on a dispassionate evaluation of the historical evidence. By the same token, there is no reason that young earth creationists couldn’t have come to their conclusions based on a dispassionate analysis of the fossil record. And there is no reason that Muslims couldn’t have concluded that Jesus didn’t actually die on the cross based on critical historical methodology. And there is no reason to believe that the Mormons’ confidence in Joseph Smith isn’t based on a dispassionate study of archeology. And there is no reason to think that Holocaust deniers are motivated by anything other than an unwavering commitment to historical truth.

              But even though all those things may be possible, those of us who live in the real world know that they are not very likely.

              BTW, I’m glad to see you acknowledging that Habermas is a theologian rather than a historian.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              Could you please tell me what makes Bart Ehrman an historian, but Martin Hengel not? (Surely it's not just that you like the conclusions that one of them happens to make?) Your comparison of respected mainstream historians and NT scholars like Hengel to holocaust deniers and YEC-ers is an appallingly puerile and ignorant assertion.

              You see, there are really two issues in your responses. The first is the validity of the mainstream scholars whom Habermas has reviewed – it seems to be your opinion that those who are the scholarly mainstream in the study of the historical Jesus are not qualified to be so (except for the few you happen to like, such as Ehrman), that they are somehow deficient as historical scholars? You are free to have this opinion, as fanciful and prejudiced as it may be, and I am of course free to ignore such an opinion.

              The second issue is whether this scholarly consensus is as Habermas' review asserts – this is not simply opinion. If you are claiming that the peer reviewed review I've provided is incorrect, then you must provide evidence to the contrary.

              Your opinion I can easily ignore (the standard of work, career and peer-standing of scholars like Hengel don't need me to defend them), but any claim to the fact of consensus requires evidence please.

            • Vinny

              It is Habermas who is relying on the results of this survey in order to make a positive case that the resurrection is a historical event. It is incumbent on him therefore to demonstrate that the methodology he uses in his survey is reasonably calculated to produce results that are probative of his conclusion. That some of the scholars might be trained historians using accepted historical methodology rather than theologians with a faith based commitment to a particular outcome isn’t going to cut it. I have no more reason to take this seriously than I would if Muslims or Mormons tried to prove the historicity of their theological claims with surveys composed primarily of Muslim or Mormon scholars regardless of whether they were “mainstream” Muslims and Mormons.

            • AndrewFinden

              So you're not going to tell me why Ehrman is an historian but Hengel isn't?

              Presumably peer reviewed historical journals, whose editorial board is made up of a wide range of scholars who don't all share Habermas' views on the resurrection, is a fairly good indicator that his review is methodologically sound. That you don't like that he included WLC is not a problem to them, nor me. He has reviewed a significant amount of literature, and even a quick perusal of the references shows that he has reviewed scholars of all positions, including the critical scholars and the fringe scholars completely opposed to his position. Your objection is nothing but prejudice.

              As I asked before – if you think Habermas' review has neglected some mainstream (or even fringe) scholars, please, say who. (Actually, your comment that 'some' 'might' be trained historians only betrays your complete ignorance of who these scholars are and your unwillingness to admit that people like Hengel are highly respected historians). Again, your opinion that they're all or mostly just people with faith based commitments is simply not true.
              If you've got nothing to say but opine that the mainstream scholars in this subject don't deserve to be considered so, then great.. we've all heard that. Enough of your question begging. Either put up some evidence of important scholars he's ignored, or admit it's just your prejudice.

              So, which scholars has he failed to consider?

            • Vinny

              Since I haven't made any comparisons of Hengel and Ehrman as historians, I don't know why I should answer your question.

              I haven't seen Habermas claim that his survey was limited to historical journals that were peer reviewed by historians. I wouldn't think that this is normally where articles by theologians would be found.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              Well yes, to be fair, it was not you who referred to Ehrman's work regarding historical issues in these comments. Presumably though, if you deny that scholars like Hengel are valid historians, then you would say the same about Ehrman? Or maybe you're going to try and avoid the implications of your absurd stance?
              I note with great interest that you have not offered the names of any scholars whom Habermas' review has failed to consider.

              I did not say that Habermas' review was limited to journals – I said that his review has been published in a peer reviewed historical journal. I'm sure you'll excuse me if I respect the opinion of his peers (historians and scholars who don't necessarily share his view of the resurrection!) regarding the validity of his methodology more than I respect yours – you did after all compare Martin Hengel et al. to a holocaust denier!
              You still seem to cling to the false idea that some theologians and NT Scholars are not, and can not also be historians (e.g. N.T. Wright and indeed, Bart Ehrman). Indeed, to suggest that studying the NT documents as historical documents is not historical study is just silly. Or are you going to argue that Bart Ehrman is not a valid source for comment on the historical issues in this case?

            • Vinny

              Yes. I believe that some theologians and New Testament scholars are not historians because Habermas himself drew the distinction between the different types of scholars that were in his survey.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              And just how does that mean that Habermas hasn't reviewed the mainstream scholarship on this issue? Again, if he's missed somebody – who is it?
              The fact that the ones you might allow to be historians (though in your back-peddling you haven't even acknowledged Hengel!) generally agree about these 12 points is the issue. If it were only the conservative theologians who came to this view, you would have a point, but as Habermas has shown that the acceptance of these points is agreed upon by a broad range – including ciritical historians – means your objection simply doesn't stand.

            • Vinny

              Unless Habermas breaks out his results based on whether the scholar in question is a theologian, New Testament scholar, philosopher, historian, or archeologist, you have no basis for saying that the historians generally agree with these facts. For all you know, the result among historians is consistently different than the overall result. I think we can safely infer that it is significantly different on the question of the empty tomb.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              I'm going to reply to this further down for ease of reading.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

              Boy are you both distracted from the real argument.

              This is not about the qualifications of the people involved, but the 1,400 documents they surveyed. If my understanding is correct, all of these 1,400 documents are based on a handful of \”eyewitness accounts\” – some contained in the bible, some not. From these Findo points out that a group of (possible) historians have concluded 12 non miraculous facts which simply must have occurred. Finally he makes the leap that the most plausible explanation for these supposed facts is that a deity took human form to kill himself and pay the price he demanded for the sins of his creation.

              Anyone see any issues here?

            • Vinny

              There are many problems with the "minimal facts" approach. I think it is important to spend some time on the ones that do not get addressed as frequently.

            • AndrewFinden

              @askegg – You have a problem that historians make conclusions about what most likely happened based on analysis of the extant historical texts? Strange.
              (note that you're strawmanning by saying 'simply must have occurred' I have at no point said that – also by implying that Jesus committed suicide – you might like to check that fallacy list of yours, in particular the one called Appeal to Ridicule.. it seems to be your favourite. ).

              Also, as I've already tried to clear up – the 1400 documents are the works published in the last 25 years by mainstream (and some fringe) scholars which Habermas himself has reviewed. These 1400 published were by scholars who study the issue and of course, like all historical study, rely on the source documents (which you apparently don't like either). Habermas review simply establishes the general consensus of the modern scholarship. If, like Vinny, you want to opine that the mainstream scholars in this area are not qualified to have anything to say, then good for you.. that's not my problem. If you want to argue that Habermas review has failed to include particular scholars, please say who they are.

              It is no 'leap' then to apply the Argument to Best Explanation criteria and conclude that no other explanation of these points has sufficient scope, power or less ad hoc reliance.
              If you can show an explanation that accounts for all 12 of those points, feel free to share it. I've never seen one. Sure, I've seen each of those points explained separately, but doesn't fulfil the AtBE critera properly.
              As I've said, I don't expect you to share my conclusions – if your philosophical assumptions have already decided that it must be a natural explanation, even if you don't know what it is, then of course you're not going to share my conclusions. But that doesn't mean my conclusions are not based on valid reasoning. Why is it that anti-theists find it so hard to disagree without acting and sounding like dogmatic fundies? You're not threatened, surely?

              But, as it's taken this long for you to apparently still not fully understand the methodology, and because calling me a 'fucktard' only demonstrates you're not interested in civil, reasonable dialogue, I'm no longer interested in discussing the application of AtBE criteria to this data with you. (And be honest – you're not exactly interested in having such a discussion with me, are you now?)

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

              Prof. Edwin Judge may be an historian, but he is also an apologist. What he is spouting in that video is utter clap trap.

            • AndrewFinden

              ^ and inane comments like that are why I'm choosing not to bother with arguing over your post – the pure disdain and dismissiveness of anyone who doesn't share your view, even if they are respected scholars like Prof. Judge, is juvenile. As if simply dismissing real historians as 'apologists' because they don't share your view means you don't have to deal with their arguments or points? I mean really – on the one hand is a respected scholar of antiquity from USYD, whose expert areas include the one under discussion, and we've got a guy from Tasmania with a picture of a monkey with its fingers in its ears for an avatar – I'm sure you can see who it is most rational to pay attention to in this. You can keep your fingers in your ears if you want.
              I have no problem with disagreement, btw, if you want to actually address points, but I've no time for such off-hand dismissals from people with no credibility to even do so.

              (now, how do I unsubscribe from this thread so I don't have to keep reading this in my inbox…)

  • http://www.facebook.com/GuinnessX David Ashton

    This was just posted on Common Sense Atheism. Bart Ehrman's 9 minute rebuttal to any historical argument on the resurrection.
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TS37yrBwx2Q

  • AndrewFinden

    Btw.. thanks for blocking me on Twitter – I hope that means you'll finally leave me alone! It does seem rather hypocritcal though – I mean, you call me a 'fucktard' tell me to 'go fuck yourself' amongst other verbal ridicule, and you get your knickers in a knot because I ask whether your religious wife appreciates the way you slag off other believers..? that's very telling.
    I meant no offence to your wife, and I apologise if I caused any. My criticism was aimed purely at you and your MO.

    Presumably you'll delete this too? In any case.. we're no doubt done here.

    • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

      My relationship with my wife has nothing to do with this debate. You're a douche for even mentioning it.

      • AndrewFinden

        Well I can't exactly reply via Twitter, now, can I? It's pretty ironic that I've asked you several times to leave me alone and then you block me for one comment! (I wasn't even following you btw)
        Your attitude and MO has everything to do with this "debate" (if it can be called that). You're more than happy to call your opponent any number of offensive things, even in the face of apology, and yet are hypersensitive when this approach is called into question (more specifically, trying to reconcile how your antagonism of believers fits with your claim of relationship to some – you're right though, the manner in which I asked was snide, and uncalled for). If asking about your wife's thoughts on your attitude is out of bounds (your video does mention her!), then I'm sorry for overstepping that line, even if you will not accept this apology.

        • http://www.godless.biz/ askegg

          Your comment was totally off topic and irrelevant. Did ask you how your wife handles your inability to grasp simple idea? No.

          Your continual appeals to a "majority of historians" reviewing 1,400 examinations of a handful of historical accounts to arrive at 12 "indisputable facts" which (you assert) must be explained with a single explanatory story – no matter how incredible.

          You say you have never heard an explanation more likely than <whatever it is you believe> (see footnote) well try this account (built entirely off the top of my head as I type):

          Jesus died and was buried. His followers were distraught and decided to have a bender of a night to drown their sorrows.
          In their drunken state they removed the body of Jesus and hid it from the Romans, just for a laugh.
          Their hangover was so great none of them could remember what they did with Jesus, but had fuzzy memories of seeing him alive (not realising he was propped up in the corner).
          Due to their irrational devotion to the man, and their impaired function, they became compete zealots and began proselytising a new religion.
          James and Paul saw these drunkard idiots were gathering a real following and building a power base. They wanted in and invented a story that they too saw the risen Jesus.

          This scenario, absurd as it is, is FAR more likely than zombie gods, ghostly visitations, and vicarious sacrifices to omnipotent gods. Think about it.

          Footnote: I refrain from inserting anything because you have a history of denying it's what you believe while neglecting to state your position.

          • AndrewFinden

            Your comment was totally off topic and irrelevant. Did ask you how your wife handles your inability to grasp simple idea? No.

            Andrew, I have already apologised. I acknowledge that my comment was uncalled for, snide, none of my business and that I was wrong to make it, and regret doing so. I can only reiterate my apology and hope that you accept it. If you hadn't blocked me, I would have made the apology there.

            Your continual appeals to a "majority of historians" reviewing 1,400 examinations of a handful of historical accounts to arrive at 12 "indisputable facts" which (you assert) must be explained with a single explanatory story – no matter how incredible.

            The only instance of "indisputable facts" in this post and comments comes from your hand, which means you are putting words in my mouth and / or misunderstanding me. I have only ever maintained that these 12 points are considered by the majority of scholars to be what most likely happened (i.e. historical – they accept that they happened. If my use of "fact" – note the parentheses – has made this unclear, I hope I am now clear). Please can we be clear on that. Further, I have not said that they 'must' be explained with a single story. Rather, I refer to the criteria of Argument to Best Explanation which says that amongst other things, the explanation with the most scope is preferable and more likely. Further, because improbable and unprecedented things can and do happen, these criteria need not consider a priori probability – it needs only consider possibility. What most likely happened is determined by applying the criteria to the data, not before applying it. I'm assuming you agree that however improbable the supernatural or a supernatural event might be, there's no empirical proof that it's impossible, am I right? In which case, we must allow the possibility (even if it's remote).

            You say you have never heard an explanation more likely than <whatever it is you believe> (see footnote) well try this account (built entirely off the top of my head as I type):

            To give you credit, it's at least a new one. Still, there's a very good reason why no serious scholar would even suggest the disciple-theft theory any more – it just doesn't square with what we know about them. The extant Jewish apologetic of a similar vein is considered pretty poor. Never-the-less, your hypothesis fails both in explanatory power and scope – what you have is not a single explanation for all the facts, but several explanations built on top of eachother, which means that it requires more ad hoc assumptions – that is, "it must include fewer new suppositions about the past which are not already implied to some extent by existing beliefs" – I'm afraid yours involves too many new suppositions. Further, your argument would seem to either contradict, or raise further unexplained phenomena – for example, it doesn't explain why their devotion would continue despite every other would-be-messiah's followers finding a new leader (normally a relative – so why not James?) after his death, and why they would continue to cling to a hope that his dishonourable execution would otherwise indicate that he was not the messiah?

            This scenario, absurd as it is, is FAR more likely than zombie gods, ghostly visitations, and vicarious sacrifices to omnipotent gods. Think about it.

            Ignoring the fact that my hypothesis involves neither zombies nor ghosts (what was that abut appeal to ridicule on your fallacy page?) and is not at this point concerned with any theological or doctrinal issues, this comment really just demonstrates your philosophical pre-commitment that it has to be a natural explanation, even if you don't have one that makes any sense. It's begging the question.
            Now as I said – I realise you hold this pre-commitment, and are highly unlikely to even consider my conclusions, and that's fine. I think the Argument to Best Explanation criteria shows that your hypothesis is not the best explanation – that is is much more unlikely than the hypothesis I see to be the best explanation which is the one first given: that God supernaturally raised Jesus from the dead. If one denies the supernatural, or doesn't allow for it, this will of course never be allowed as a valid hypothesis, but I don't have any philosophical assumptions that prevent me from considering it and apply the AtBE criteria.
            If all your objection continues to be along the lines of 'no, supernatural doesn't happen, must have been something else, but I don't know what', then we're just going to go round in very frustrating circles. The issue is not so much evidence, but rather the philosophical assumptions we bring to the table, and I see little chance of those changing, do you?

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              And just to be clear: the review was done by Habermas, not the majority of historians; it is a review of 1400 or so published works in the last 25yrs by mainstream scholars of all persuasions who study this area; and via this review Habermas has established the position that the majority of these scholars take regarding the historicity of these non-miraculous events. It still reads like your not quite getting that straight…

  • GaryLosAngeles

    Hey forget it !!! — if your website complains that my comment is a little too long then forget it !!!! Goodbye!!!!

    • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

      Perhaps you should be less verbose, or break the comment into parts. At least I know won't have to read your essay.

  • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

    @Vinny – I think you're still failing to allow for multi-discipline work. I see no reason why Hengel or Ehrman, for example cannot be theologians, NT scholars and historians – as they both happen to be. (I note that you haven't commented on David's link to the Ehrman video, telling him that Ehrman is a NT scholar, and so his views on historical work are obviously deficient? I mean, if you're going to consistently apply your criteria here, as a NT Scholar, Ehrman's not working as an historian, is he?)
    My argument has always been that Habermas' review encompasses the mainstream (and some fringe elements) – a broad spectrum view – of the scholars who are studying and publishing in this area: the historicity of Jesus. How is that not historical scholarship? Again, if there's scholars in this field that you think Habermas has neglected, please tell us who. If it simply remains that you don't like the consensus of these scholars, or you think that those who are the mainstream scholars in this area are unskilled or incompetent at their jobs, please demonstrate why your opinion of such should be considered more so than that of these scholars' peers.

    I think we can safely infer that it is significantly different on the question of the empty tomb.

    On what basis do you make such an inference? The assumption that surely the mainstream scholarship couldn't hold a different view to what you? Sorry – but as I've repeatedly asked; if you're going to contend that Habermas' conclusions about the consensus of historical scholarship regarding Jesus are not as he says, then you'll have to back it up with some peer reviewed scholarship, please. We want evidence, not just your opinion. So far the only peer reviewed scholarship we've seen shows that the historicity of the empty tomb is accepted by the majority of scholars, though not as overwhelmingly as for the other points, he notes. (It is independently and multiply attested, and the accounts contain "embarrassing details", having the women as first witness, even though they had no credibility to bear witness in that culture – the only good reason one would include that is if it was because that was how it happened. There is no competing account, and there is an extant reference to hostile polemic that assumes the tomb was found empty.)

    So.. it seems to me that basically your argument boils down to asserting that Hengel, Borg, Dunn, Lüdemann, Moltman, Wright and co. are not in a position to have anything credible to say on the issue, despite the opinion of their peers, and their academic standing. I'm afraid that I just don't see how this opinion has any grounding in the reality of who most of these scholars actually are. But please, feel free to answer my calls for names and scholarship if you have them.

  • Vinny

    I suspect that if Habermas thought he was justified in describing all or a majority of the scholars as historians he would have done so. I think the fact that he identified the majority of the scholars in the survey as theologians or New Testament scholars and distinguished them from historians fully justifies me in concluding that the majority of the scholars surveyed are not trained in historical methodology and are not writing in journals that are peer reviewed by historians. I am quite willing to accept Habermas' claim that the survey included some historians and some archeologists.

    The reason I think that it is safe to infer that the distribution is significantly different on the empty tomb has nothing to do with whether mainstream scholars agree with me. I suspect they don't. It is because Habermas said that 75% of the survey consisted of moderate conservative Christian journals and the 75% of scholars accepted the empty tomb. My guess is that almost all the moderate conservative Christians accepted the empty tomb and very few others did. I'm also guessing that the theologians are probably writing in the journals that have a theological position.

    • AndrewFinden

      the majority of the scholars surveyed are not trained in historical methodology and are not writing in journals that are peer reviewed by historians.

      Do you thus assert that Ehrman, as a NT scholar is not trained in historical methodology and therefore his thoughts on the historical argument have no value?

      Suggesting that identifying someone as a NT Scholar is an indication they are not trained in historical methodology is like suggesting that calling someone a Bach scholar indicates they're not trained in musicology!

      I'm not going to go around in circles with you, pointing out your prejudiced false assumptions (or your 'guess' as you put it). Suffice it to say that anyone who looks at the scholars without such prejudice will see that vast majority are all well qualified to give opinion in this area of study. You've offered no peer reviewed research to demonstrate that these 12 points are not accepted as historical by the majority of scholars who study this area. All we have is your 'guess' that they'd agree with you.

      • Vinny

        Do you thus assert that Ehrman, as a NT scholar is not trained in historical methodology and therefore his thoughts on the historical argument have no value?

        No I don’t.

        Suggesting that identifying someone as a NT Scholar is an indication they are not trained in historical methodology is like suggesting that calling someone a Bach scholar indicates they're not trained in musicology!

        You are absolutely right, but since I made no such suggestion, the point is irrelevant.

        Suffice it to say that anyone who looks at the scholars without such prejudice will see that vast majority are all well qualified to give opinion in this area of study.

        Habermas looked at the scholars and he was careful to note that most of them were not historians. Why do you suppose he did that? Doesn’t that clearly show that Habermas recognizes a distinction between theologians and New Testament scholars on one hand and historians and archeologists on the other? Is he prejudiced as well?

        • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

          So Ehrman, despite being a NT Scholar is somehow exempt from your strict criteria? Why is that? Because you like what he says?

          You are absolutely right, but since I made no such suggestion, the point is irrelevant.

          Rubbish. You concluded that:

          that the majority of the scholars surveyed are not trained in historical methodology

          ..so my musicology analogy is sustained.

          Doesn’t that clearly show that Habermas recognizes a distinction between theologians and New Testament scholars on one hand and historians and archeologists on the other?

          Yes, of course there's a distinction – NT scholars are more focussed on a certain area, and do involve other disciplines as well, but that is not to say they are not doing historical study or that they are untrained in historical disciplines. (And note that he distinguishes it's the critical scholars – the ones who don't accept the resurrection – as being predominantly theologians and NT Scholars..)

          Your continued assertion that the mainstream scholars in this area are unqualified to make comment (except for the couple who say things you like) remains pure prejudice, and ignorant of the fact that some disciplines are somewhat overlapping, and people can have a wide range of skills and trainging. What's more rational, to take your opinion that the mainstream scholarship doesn't know what it's talking about (considering you did compare respected historians like Hengel to holocaust deniers!!), or to trust real academics and the editorial board of an historical journal that the scholars included do have competency to speak on the issue?

          Would you care to point me to some peer reviewed work that demonstrates what you suggest the mainstream historical view on the issue is? I mean, I'm assuming that you're of the view that I shouldn't just believe what you say, that I need evidence, right?

          • Vinny

            Do you understand the difference between the concept "most" and the concept "all"? If I say that most of the scholars surveyed are not historians, it does not mean that all of the scholars are not historians. Therefore, establishing that one of the scholars is a historian does not contradict anything I have said.

            You really need to learn how to read. Habermas labels all the scholars in his survey "critical" scholars, not just the ones who reject the resurrection.

            • AndrewFinden

              So you now backpeddle a bit to acknowledge that some NT Scholars are indeed historians as well. Perhaps you'd like to go through the names and point out just exactly which ones you think are qualified to speak about historical issues? (as presumably the editorial board wasn't doing their job properly?)

              You really need to learn how to read. Habermas labels all the scholars in his survey "critical" scholars, not just the ones who reject the resurrection.

              I don't think that's the case – I was prepared to admit I was mistaken, but having just searched 'critical' in both journal articles it seems pretty clear that he uses this term to refer to scholars like Lüdemann who don't accept the resurrection. Either way, I realise it's a moot point. It doesn't change your prejudices against the mainstream scholarship that you've shown. You've given me no good reason to accept your opinion of these scholars over the opinion of the editorial board (I refer specifically to the historical journal), as sadly you've declined to offer and peer reviewed work for me to read.

            • Vinny

              Please learn to read. I am not backpedaling at all. Six days ago I wrote "I am sure that some NT scholars do historical research that is quite impressive." Why do I have to keep repeating that?

              Try searching the phrase "critical scholars" rather than simply the word "critical." Habermas refers to all the scholars as "critical scholars" in much the same meaningless generic way that you refer to them as "mainstream scholars." However, he occasionally uses the word "critical" to modify some other noun in which case it has a more specific meaning that actually specifies some sub-category of the overall sample.

              Since you don't seem to understand how language works, I can see how you might have trouble figuring out when you are mistaken.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              My reading comprehension skills are sufficient enough to see that you want to have your cake and eat it. You want to discredit the scholars who Habermas has reviewed but realise that you can't actually deny that NT scholars can be historians or be trained in historical scholarship. Despite repeated requests, you've not given any comment (apart from WLC) as to which of these scholars you think are trained and skilled in historical enquiry.

              You do of course realise that any search for 'critical' will also bring up any instance of 'critical scholars', don't you? But a I said, that is beside the point, and you seem to be dwelling on it simply to avoid having to do any real work- obviously it's much easier to make vague, unsupported generalisations than actually look at who these scholars are and answer my question.

              Vinny – if you're not going to bother presenting peer reviewed scholarship to back up your claims about what the mainstream consensus is; if you're simply going to make vague and generalised assertions about these scholars and not tell us which ones you allow can be historians (is it too cynical of me to think that perhaps you've never actually heard of most of them?); and if instead you're just going to make smug aspersions about my own abilities, then there's really nothing to be done but ignore you, as you have done my questions. We've gone round and round enough and you've not offered anything to support the assertion that "most" of these scholars aren't qualified to speak on the issue – the only scholar you've even looked at individually is WLC, and he's hardly representative of the others. All you've done is repeatedly assert that Habermas' review is deficient, without demonstrating how. Really – unless you can show from peer reviewed scholarship that this is case, why should I take your opinion on it?

  • http://www.facebook.com/anwyll David Gibson

    Well I took another look at the original post from Findo (since this piece was generating so much debate) and I noticed a strange statement from Findo which I don't think Andrew addressed in his post (someone might have in the comments but there are so many, sorry):

    "dozen non-supernatural things that are well attested and accepted by the overwhelming majority of scholars"

    While most of the discussion has centered around how well attested these facts are or what the nature of these scholars comprise of but I'd like to focus on something else in the statement: non-supernatural.

    Specifically in relation to points 5, 11 and 12.

    (5) the disciples had real experiences which they thought were literal appearances of the risen Jesus.

    Now, to a rational sceptic this point alone could be explained by the accounts being fiction or the disciples having some kind of psychological break down, etc Not all entirely convincing to Findo I'm sure but if we are to accept the true implication of this point it is nothing but SUPERNATURAL. Especially when you consider what those experiences were.

    11) James, a brother of Jesus who had been a skeptic, was converted when he believed that he saw the resurrected Jesus.

    Errr, resurrected Jesus? Supernatural much? Humans don't come back to life generally (ignoring the confusing grey area between life and death in a medical sense). If we are to take the events leading to Jesus' death to be true (which some previous points require) then for Jesus to have resurrected is by its very nature SUPERNATURAL.

    (12) A few years later, Paul was also converted to the Christian faith by an experience which he, likewise, thought was an appearance of the risen Jesus.

    Never mind all the confusion over what paul knew about Jesus or whether he thought Jesus had literally lived on Earth or not – not important. The experience Paul had is either an acute psychosis (as in point 5) or a communication with a man who no longer lived, sounds pretty SUPERNATURAL to me.

    So really, it is a list of 9 nonsupernatural things and 3 crucial supernatural events which have been smuggled in, otherwise the whole thing is just another man-made religion. I often get the sense that sometimes the religious have difficulty distinguishing between the natural and supernatural, and I can understand why. I mean, once something is shown to me to be part of how nature behaves then I include it as being natural and anything else remains supernatural (and for me unlikely to be true). Once you start accepting these things happen well the supernatural becomes the natural and the natural becomes the supernatural and it is all so confusing!

    The real point of this post it to ask: are we to accept these claims of miracles or suspensions of well-established natures of reality? (Because that is precisely what Findo is claiming respectable scholars have done)

    I think I'll side with Hume on this one and say no.

    • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

      Thanks David. I had been meaning to address this point more thoroughly.

    • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

      (5) the disciples had real experiences which they thought were literal appearances of the risen Jesus.

      Now, to a rational sceptic this point alone could be explained by the accounts being fiction or the disciples having some kind of psychological break down, etc Not all entirely convincing to Findo I'm sure but if we are to accept the true implication of this point it is nothing but SUPERNATURAL. Especially when you consider what those experiences were.

      Hi David,
      we must be careful to distinguish between the event and the explanation of that event. That the disciples had an experience they thought was meeting the risen Jesus doesn't mean they necessarily did – the point is not that scholarly consensus is that they met the risen Jesus, but rather, that they had some kind of experience which they called an appearance – something happened, that is accepted, and not itself supernatural, as you rightly point out, it could perhaps be explained naturally (whether or not that explanation is sufficient is not the issue right at this moment).

      11) James, a brother of Jesus who had been a skeptic, was converted when he believed that he saw the resurrected Jesus.

      Errr, resurrected Jesus? Supernatural much?

      Same here – someone believing they saw the resurrected Jesus is not itself supernatural, though someone seeing him would be – see the distinction? A person holding a belief is not a supernatural thing.

      Once you start accepting these things happen well the supernatural becomes the natural and the natural becomes the supernatural and it is all so confusing!

      Not at all – a single, unique event that controverts normal natural occurrence doesn't itself become natural law.

      The real point of this post it to ask: are we to accept these claims of miracles or suspensions of well-established natures of reality? (Because that is precisely what Findo is claiming respectable scholars have done)

      No, that's not what I'm claiming – at least, not in the sense of referring to mainstream scholarship (no doubt, there are some respectable scholars who do accept the resurrection) as I've shown, my assertion, or rather, Habermas' assertion is that the majority of scholars who study this area accept these 12 things as having happened, even if they reject the resurrection.

      I think I'll side with Hume on this one and say no.

      Well, yes I think you're right that philosophical assumptions play a huge part in it.. if one has decided that miracles can't happen – or with Hume, that no amount of testimony or evidence is sufficient to establish one, then you're not even going to get off the starting block, so to speak. I happen to find Hume's argument against miracles to be faulty ('Hume's abject failure' as one atheist philosopher calls it).. you don't.. I guess that's where end up.

      • David Gibson

        So your defense isn't to claim strong evidence of the supernatural, it is to claim that individuals who may or may not existed as described in the story thought they experienced a genuinely supernatural event and this is good reason to think Jesus is one wing of the trinity which characterises God's interactions with this world?

        I know you haven't said as much but if your whole purpose of these points isn't to say so then I don't really understand what you're trying to do. Sure, they're no-miraculous – so what? Of what significance is the story then? A guy lived, died and some other dudes founded a religion around his musings, parables and actions (with a whole heap of supernatural claims to spice it up). Big whoop. This has no bearing on reality whatsoever except to account for the existence of a religion where people who subscribe to its tenents think the supernatural events occured. Congratulations, you shifted the goals posts and made the whole thing more irrelevant.

        As you say with Hume's argument, I don't say miracles can't happen – our understanding of reality is not complete, but were I to accept the evidence for the miracles which the Christian faith is built on I would need to accept a whole range of claims with evidence comparable, eg ghosts, aliens, yeti, loch ness monster, etc. While these claims are not miracles, the nature of miracles would essentially mean any lesser claim with a similar evidentiary basis would be even more likely to be true. I have reasons to think the Christian god is fictional but these are entirely seperate from the claims made about Jesus because even if I concede all 12 of these points, even if I concede even the miraculous and supernatural explanations for them Christians still have all their work ahead of them to claim God exists because while you admit naturalistic explanations can be made for 12 facts supernatural explanations could be made too which do not involve a god.

        I don't know why you believe the things you do (although I am assuming you're a Christian), all I can say is the explanations offered to account for what people who may or may not have existed (as described in the bible) thought they saw and experienced are not sufficient for me. As far as I'm concerned, if these 'facts' actually happened in the present day they would have been committed and medicated – this should really say something significant. The modern world has witnessed the rise of two large religions (Mormonism and Scientology) and still people find their own special flavour tasty enough to be convincing, continually amazes and frustrates me.

        (on a side note Andrew if you read this: I can't seem to sign in with my facebook profile anymore :S )

        • AndrewFinden

          So your defense isn't to claim strong evidence of the supernatural, it is to claim that individuals who may or may not existed as described in the story thought they experienced a genuinely supernatural event and this is good reason to think Jesus is one wing of the trinity which characterises God's interactions with this world?

          Presumably, if the scholars accept these events as historical, they accept the people as historical too. Indeed, the historicity of Paul is not in dispute as far as I can tell – why should it be? We have letters from his own hand (there are several where this authorship is not in dispute btw, including 1 Corinthians, the earliest reference to the crucifixion and resurrection.) and there is unanimous corroboration from the church fathers – what makes you doubt his existence?

          The point is that these 12 things require an explanation, and from the application of the Argument to Best Explanation criteria of power, scope and least ad hoc, to my mind (and not mine alone) the explanation that best accounts for these 12 things is that God raised Jesus from the dead. I am yet to see a natural explanation with anywhere near the same amount of power, scope or less ad hoc. That is not shifting goal posts – indeed, demanding more than the Argument to Best Explanation criteria ask seems to me to the goal shifting.

          were I to accept the evidence for the miracles which the Christian faith is built on I would need to accept a whole range of claims with evidence comparable, eg ghosts, aliens, yeti, loch ness monster, etc. While these claims are not miracles, the nature of miracles would essentially mean any lesser claim with a similar evidentiary basis would be even more likely to be true.

          I think it's wrong to think there is a kind of 'one size fits all' mode of explanation, which you seem to put forward here. Each case must be taken on it's own merits. Not only do I think modern and ancient events are not comparable in terms of the kinds of evidence (in Ancient History we must work with what we have, which will inevitably be incomplete), but I don't actually think any of those claims you mention have comparable evidence. Now it may be that I am simply ignorant of the evidence for those claims, or it could perhaps be that you're making a false comparison.

          because while you admit naturalistic explanations can be made for 12 facts supernatural explanations could be made too which do not involve a god.

          I do admit the possibility of natural explanations, though I'm yet to see one which fulfils the criteria of Argument to Best Explanation in a way any where close – but if you've got one, please do share it! I also do recognise that it might be possible to come up with another supernatural explanation, I can't see how that would fufil the criteria any better – it would presumably have to ignore the context and the earliest claim by these people, who claimed that God raised Jesus from the dead – now if that claim does account for these 12 facts better than any other explanation, what reason is there to come up with another that doesn't account for them and ignores this early claim?

          all I can say is the explanations offered to account for what people who may or may not have existed (as described in the bible) thought they saw and experienced are not sufficient for me.

          And that's fine. If you're with Hume, then you pretty much have to say that ;)

          As far as I'm concerned, if these 'facts' actually happened in the present day they would have been committed and medicated – this should really say something significant.

          This seems to assume that you accept that their experience were the case of some mental instability or hallucinations? Paul's writings do not indicate any kind of mental problem, and hallucinations don't work that way, nor indeed, would they cause a 2nd Temple Jew to think "bodily resurrection", actually. There are plenty of accounts of seeing visions of dead people in Judaic texts, and not once is it thought to be resurrection. Even more obvious is the lack scope that this hypothesis has regarding these 12 points.

          I don't know why you believe the things you do (although I am assuming you're a Christian)

          I believe what I do because of a combination of the historical evidence, philosophical reasoning and my own experiences. I certainly don't expect people with other philosophical pre-commitments to find these reasons persuasive, but that doesn't make them less valid reasons.

          • http://www.facebook.com/NRParsons Nathan Parsons

            I think it's wrong to think there is a kind of 'one size fits all' mode of explanation, which you seem to put forward here. Each case must be taken on it's own merits. Not only do I think modern and ancient events are not comparable in terms of the kinds of evidence (in Ancient History we must work with what we have, which will inevitably be incomplete), but I don't actually think any of those claims you mention have comparable evidence. Now it may be that I am simply ignorant of the evidence for those claims, or it could perhaps be that you're making a false comparison.

            Why should we require less evidence for historical claims just because there is little evidence? Perhaps the evidence available would be accepted if it weren't so likely that most of it has been created or modified to try to show the events as "fact". There was simply too much at stake for people wanting to found Christianity for them to not want to modify or even fabricate evidence if it was lacking; the evidence just doesn't seem reliable.

            I think what David was trying to get at with his statement, and he can correct me if I'm wrong, is that there is plenty of evidence of similar or greater standard, and plenty of people that you can go an actually talk to who will claim to have seen these mythical creatures and that if he were to lower his required standards of evidence to a level at which he would accept the miraculous claims, he would also accept the existence of mythical creatures. I am much the same; I do not accept the existence of Big Foot, but there is plenty of evidence for it's existence.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              Your second reply (the chinese whispers one) seems to have gone missing.. ?

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/Nathan_Parsons Nathan_Parsons

              Yeah, odd. Well luckily I just switched to an actual IntenseDebate account, so here it is again:

              I would argue that there was considerably more at stake for them to proclaim what they did. It makes very little historical sense that they would even invent a story like this, let alone go to their deaths for it if it was fabricated. Further, there's no evidence of any kind of develpment – from the very begining the message / claim was the same and the only extant reference to a contrary claim (that the disciples stole the body – very unlikely, and not a view held today by anyone I know of) only serves to corroborate the empty tomb. Further still, it would be very odd indeed that they would all lie about someone who held them to very strict levels of honesty.

              It was not necessarily the people who would have been around at the time at which Jesus is supposed to have been around, but rather people in later decades and centuries. The stories weren't written down immediately and they would have been passed verbally from person to person, this leaves massive issues with modifications, intentional or otherwise; have you ever played Chinese Whispers?

              Further to this, once the religion is established, people may want more evidence; this is where evidence may be "found" or reasoned into existence.

              I seriously doubt the reliability of any information which is tenuous and is relied upon by a large group of people to support their world view, and which was only written down decades, sometimes centuries, after the event.

            • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

              The stories weren't written down immediately and they would have been passed verbally from person to person, this leaves massive issues with modifications, intentional or otherwise; have you ever played Chinese Whispers?

              It's hard for us to understand how reliable oral tradition could be, as we don't use it, and we're not practised in it.. but it would simply be cultural and chronological snobbery to assert that because we're not good at it, that no one can be. Have you ever played Chinese Whispers where each persons speaks it aloud to the next with the others having the ability to correct the message? How do you think that would play out? I suggest it would not be as distorted as a secret retelling might be. In any case, the synoptics, and indeed, Paul's letters were written within the lifetime of people who could object and correct the message – much more like our modifed chinese whispers (which is no whispering at all) comparison.
              Further, the accounts are written well within an acceptable time-frame for ancient historical texts – just compare them to most other ancient text and see just how early they are! Even if there may be discrepancies in certain details, if the core event is attested by multiple, independent sources and there is no competing account it is most likely to be historical.

              …relied upon by a large group of people to support their world view…

              Seems to me that this is simply a case of goal-shifting.

            • Nathan_Parsons

              Your analogy is flawed in that it doesn't take into account the fact that people would be inherently separated by distances when they are telling others, not at all within earshot. To spread a story over any significant distance you have to spread your story tellers, so they simply don't hear what the others say, and even if they did on occasion, they wouldn't with any great regularity.

              The main issue with the lack of a competing account is that people would not write down that Jesus did not exist at the time; it would be pure insanity. It would be like someone other than myself writing down that there isn't an invisible dragon living in my garage.

              Also, how is that shifting the goal posts?

            • AndrewFinden

              it doesn't take into account the fact that people would be inherently separated by distances when they are telling others, not at all within earshot. To spread a story over any significant distance you have to spread your story tellers, so they simply don't hear what the others say, and even if they did on occasion, they wouldn't with any great regularity.

              I don't agree that they wouldn't have regularly heard the stories repeated, or that they were necessarily all separated, nor indeed that they were all spread out over large distances necessarily. In any case if the story was different in each place there would have become obvious when Paul started writing to them and they started protesting the differences.. but we don't see that. Further, as I already pointed out, Paul is almost certainly referring to an existing creed. I don't think your criticism of oral tradition really stand. In any case, even if we allow that it might be a problem for some details, I don't see that it causes any real problems for the main core of the narrative.

              The main issue with the lack of a competing account is that people would not write down that Jesus did not exist at the time; it would be pure insanity.

              On the contrary – there were a great number of people, the Jewish leaders not least, who sought to quell the new movement – it would make a lot of sense for them to counter the claims by pointing out that Jesus never existed (if that were so). The only extant reference to the Jewish counter-polemic only serves to corroborate the empty tomb and implicitly, then, his existence. There's a very good reason why lack of competing account is an indicator of authenticity. If the story had developed and been changed as you allege, then we should evidence of that happening, and I can't see any evidence that the historical core has ever been any different. To speculate otherwise is really argument from silence.

              It would be like someone other than myself writing down that there isn't an invisible dragon living in my garage.

              I don't know.. if a large enough group of your neighbours complained to the police that you had a dragon in your garage, presumably it would appear on some kind of police (or RSPCA?) report that you in fact didn't have any kind of large reptile in your garage. Ok, it's a silly analogy (you made it) but the point stands – there were people who had vested interests in quelling the movement the and claims, and the easiest way to do that would be to point out the leader's non-existence, if it were the case. That they don't appear to have, and moreover, corroborate his existence makes it much more likely that he did exist and the tomb really was empty (add to that the embarrassing details).

              how is that shifting the goal posts?

              The reliance of a group of people upon a text has no relevance to it's reliability. We use the usual historical criteria for that – and the time frame for the NT documents is within acceptable limits – more so than many other ancient documents – so to suggest they aren't is also shifting the goalposts.

  • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

    Why should we require less evidence for historical claims just because there is little evidence?

    I don't think it's about 'requiring less evidence' it's about explaining the evidence that is there the way that we do with other ancient data. Otherwise we're likely to get caught up in the kind of 'always one more' kind of thing in setting the line.

    Perhaps the evidence available would be accepted if it weren't so likely that most of it has been created or modified to try to show the events as "fact".

    As I see it, the major problem is not with the evidence, but with one hypothesis to explain that evidence.
    Further, I see no real grounds for arguing that these points were created or modified.

    There was simply too much at stake for people wanting to found Christianity for them to not want to modify or even fabricate evidence if it was lacking; the evidence just doesn't seem reliable.

    I would argue that there was considerably more at stake for them to proclaim what they did. It makes very little historical sense that they would even invent a story like this, let alone go to their deaths for it if it was fabricated. Further, there's no evidence of any kind of develpment – from the very begining the message / claim was the same and the only extant reference to a contrary claim (that the disciples stole the body – very unlikely, and not a view held today by anyone I know of) only serves to corroborate the empty tomb. Further still, it would be very odd indeed that they would all lie about someone who held them to very strict levels of honesty.

    there is plenty of evidence of similar or greater standard

    I understand that – but as I said, either I'm ignorant of this evidence, or this evidence is being underestimated – that's my view, anyway.

    • http://intensedebate.com/people/Nathan_Parsons Nathan_Parsons

      I would argue that there was considerably more at stake for them to proclaim what they did. It makes very little historical sense that they would even invent a story like this, let alone go to their deaths for it if it was fabricated. Further, there's no evidence of any kind of develpment – from the very begining the message / claim was the same and the only extant reference to a contrary claim (that the disciples stole the body – very unlikely, and not a view held today by anyone I know of) only serves to corroborate the empty tomb. Further still, it would be very odd indeed that they would all lie about someone who held them to very strict levels of honesty.

      It was not necessarily the people who would have been around at the time at which Jesus is supposed to have been around, but rather people in later decades and centuries. The stories weren't written down immediately and they would have been passed verbally from person to person, this leaves massive issues with modifications, intentional or otherwise; have you ever played Chinese Whispers?

      Further to this, once the religion is established, people may want more evidence; this is where evidence may be "found" or reasoned into existence.

      I seriously doubt the reliability of any information which is tenuous and is relied upon by a large group of people to support their world view, and which was only written down decades, sometimes centuries, after the event.

    • http://www.facebook.com/anwyll David Gibson

      Nathan did summarise my position succinctly so thanks :)

      Look, I am immensely sceptical for the case of a historical Jesus and I have reasons which are both philosophical, historical and scientific but these are somewhat beyond the scope of your argument.

      If I am to accept the 12 facts, and your argument that a single explanation should account for them all and given my lack of belief for any god I find it immensely more probable that the facts can be acounted for with a mixture of fiction and propaganda.

      This is a point I think which has been floating around people's responses to you I know. But what your 12 facts really are saying is some people SAID they had some experiences and from this basis they went forward to found Christianity. Your best explanantion is God exists, he is the Jewish God of the OT but he had a change of heart, sent Jesus in, and just when things were starting to reach critical mass, Jesus was killed, but then he was resurrected and he hung out with the boys a bit longer before floating up to heaven, only to pop down again to freak out Paul.

      Your explanation relies on proving a whole series of additional claims which do not correlate with our best explanations (supported by empirical evidence) for the manner in which the universe works. These facts are not evidence for a god, they're not evidence for the divinity of Jesus, they're not evidence for the experiences these men claim to have had. Your explanation could well be true but to get there you have hopped, skipped and jumped over an immense array of more likely explanations which do not propose additional claims about the nature of reality.

      Why is my mixture of fiction, propaganda and truth more likely? Because we know people lie, we know people can be so emotionally invested in their unpopular cult they will die for it (hello? Mormons? or do you think Joseph Smith really communicated with an angel and wrote the Book of Mormon with divine guidance and inspiration?), we know there is more incentive to carry out such manipulations of truth than wealth, etc.

      In my explanation of these facts I accept Jesus lived and died but instead of letting their proto-religious movement die, the disciples sought to continue the movement but needed more oomph to their story, so they shoe-horned their leader into a messianic position (over time, I'm not suggesting they sat down and decided to lie – their conclusions possibly developed along well understood emotional and psychological pathways for dealings with extreme loss and grief), sprinkled some extra support for this around and finished it with the finale of a resurrected man.

      However, they didn't entirely get their story straight and it took some time (decades, lol) before someone decided to write any of it down (hence the delay in the production of the synoptic gospels and the fundamental discrepencies between them about people's movements, sayings, actions and order of events). A while later as the movement became a religion and orthodoxy became an issue the bible was assembled with little to no editorial process (beyond rejecting entire books).

      Yeah, from a cold rational viewpoint it makes little sense that someone would say and do these things without the miraculous events they describe actually happening. Except, we didn't know the guy, these people are supposed to have followed him around for years. You don't do that with little respect of admiration for someone, I don't doubt that had they done this their lives would not have been easy. Their emotional attachment combined with religious fervour and zeal for feeling as though their leader could of been more significant may only have grown with the earth shattering collapse of his leadership. You're right there is no evidence of devlopment because there is no evidence until at least 4 decades after the events (except for the extra-biblical references to people following the Christ but the extent to which their claims are discussed are under immense historical doubts). You can't claim the message was consistent because there was no evidence but the message that did appear when it was consistent (which it wasn't as I've already mentioned). While Jesus preached strongly against lying, these people may not have felt they were lying in a bad way, who knows how they rationalised their actions in a post-hoc manner – they're human not a being or pure honesty and perfection (I thought that was your god?).

      I'm not an atheist because of this esplanation and you're not a Christian because of this explanation. So really, I don't see very much value in these facts, all these facts say is Christianity started from some events. The only valid reason to roll the facts around is if you're trying to bring someone who already accepts the existence of a god to your side and you'll few people like that here.

      • http://intensedebate.com/people/askegg askegg

        I agree wholly with you here, but I fear @findo with come back with some flippant, irrelevant, and pointless retort. It been his modus operandi so far.

        • http://www.facebook.com/anwyll David Gibson

          The point is, and sadly I buried it among a range of other things.

          These facts could all be the result of human deception (deliberate or not), misunderstanding and faulty logic. This explanation must be favoured immensely before jiving in with 'goddidit' because even if you can't fathom why the people involved made the decisions they did it is infinitely more probable they acted on events which either didn't happen or have since been misrepresented than the existence of an infinitely powerful and knowing being who twiddled the dials to close a loophole it created.

          I'd like to see how you can get from these facts to 'goddidit' without going far and beyond the evidence to his own preferred view on the existence of the Christian God, because as I said there are other supernatural explanations which could account for these facts. There can be no explanation for these facts which involve god without bringing in additional evidence for the existence of God (and not just any god – the Christian God) which Findo has repeatedly avoided.

          As far as I'm concerned, some shit went down and a religion was born. Get back to me with the evidence for God, then the Christian God, then Jesus' divinity then we'll talk about whether or not the disciples were there and whether the authors of the bible even talked directly to the disciples and then we'll talk about all the flaws in humans writing, re-writing and translating these stories over a 2,000 year period.

          So I guess my final response to these 'facts' is – so what?

          So what Findo?

          • http://intensedebate.com/profiles/madmanwoo Nathan

            David if only I could write half as good as you, that was a really well done.

          • AndrewFinden

            it is infinitely more probable they acted on events which either didn't happen or have since been misrepresented than the existence of an infinitely powerful and knowing being who twiddled the dials to close a loophole it created.

            'So what' you ask? So it seems you're just rehashing the Hume line against miracles… so what? Who says we must accept Hume's argument (or 'Hume's Abject Failure' as the atheist philosopher Earman calls it!). You seem bent on applying your own assumptions as the criteria for probability, while I'm interested in applying the usual Argument to Best Explanation criteria to determine probability. That's the big difference in our arguments.

            There can be no explanation for these facts which involve god without bringing in additional evidence for the existence of God (and not just any god – the Christian God) which Findo has repeatedly avoided.

            Ignoring the circular part that I've already pointed out, I think you would need to seriously ignore the context of this claim, and the claims of the alleged witnesses and the guy himself to sustain this argument. If we conclude that Jesus was raised from the dead by an external causal agent, do you really think that the Judeo-Christian God is not a logical conclusion from there?

            Get back to me with the evidence for God, then the Christian God, then Jesus' divinity

            As I said, this is entirely circular – you want evidence for God before you will allow evidence for God? Sorry, but that's fallacious.

            then we'll talk about all the flaws in humans writing, re-writing and translating these stories over a 2,000 year period.

            You need to get your dates right.. the NT was finished, at the very latest by the end of the C1st. And because we have so many extant manuscripts, we can know with roughly 95% accuracy (some would argue 99% but let's be a bit conservative) what was in the orignals – certainly in regards to the core events in question.

            As far as I'm concerned, some shit went down and a religion was born.

            Yes, but that's just restating the historical 'problem' that needs explaining – how do we account for such an unlikely thing as the birth of the church? What actually 'went down' to cause this? You might not think so, but these are still valid and perplexing questions for historians (particularly so if they reject the explanation originally given!)

            So I guess my final response to these 'facts' is – so what?

            If you're happy enough just to assume that it must have been another explanation, even if you don't know what it was, then that's your choice. If you're happy with that, fine. It's not my problem.

            • http://www.facebook.com/anwyll David Gibson

              Sorry but I'm not making a circular demand – I want evidence which can ONLY be accounted for by the existence of the Christian God. Not evidence which could but isn't necessarily accounted for by the existence of the Christian God. This isn't Hume's argument, you're not only misrepresenting it you now give me the impression you don't understand it.

              "If we conclude that Jesus was raised from the dead by an external causal agent, do you really think that the Judeo-Christian God is not a logical conclusion from there?"

              No. That is just it! I can explain this, not just with natural, expected and wholly uninteresting features of human behaviour, psychology and limitation but I could explain it with the existence of supernatural entities which are not the Christian God.

              Example: Jesus wasn't just a man, he was half man and half flibberwikky. A flibberwikky is in fact something of a mystery to most humans but the entity kind of flits from universe to universe playing tricks on the life forms which have sprung about. What flibberwikkies do in other universes is unknown but in our own, on our planet, they have enjoyed themselves by twisting time and space by manipulating the quantum foam with their flabberwackels. Jesus, being half man and half flibberwikky was able to perform miracles and even triumphed over death however, he himself was not entirely sure why or how he held this capacity and framed it within his own Jewish culture and religion. The men who befriended and followed Jesus took him to be divine or even god himself with his feats but never fully understood that by defeating death, the half of Jesus which was human died and he morphed into a full flibberwikky and moved on to a new universe to start playing tricks on other life forms.

              Cute I know, insulting to your belief system? I hope because I'm tired of being polite. I'm just doing what you are without the faux authority of 2,000 years of sociocultural conformity.

              I'm saying your facts don't support the existence of a God, the Christian God, Jesus' divinity or even his resurrection. Your facts are explainable by other means and do not in themselves support your conclusions. Your derision of me for 'assuming that it must have been another explanation' really only shows you simply do not get it. I'm not saying it had to be that way I'm saying it COULD of been that way and the evidence isn't clear that it wasn't. You need to do better if I'm to accept that the Judeo-Christian God is the best explanation, it might be the neatest and cleanest but it is so far out there Occam's Razor is over the horizon.

              I step away from my burden of proof now because I never accepted your facts to begin with and was only entertaining your claims to show how irrelevant they actually are. If I was to accept your facts they have no influence over my atheism and do nothing to improve my opinion of religion or specifically Christianity. I'm not being close minded, I'm not being circular in my logical demands. I want evidence for your god which is ONLY explainable by his existence not evidence which can be explained by his existence or his nonexistence and normal human behaviour.

              Where is your evidence for God? I remain unconvinced of your entire religion's theological claims.

              Having now read your responses I wish I hadn't wasted my time and I won't waste anymore.

            • AndrewFinden

              This isn't Hume's argument, you're not only misrepresenting it you now give me the impression you don't understand it.

              I'm sorry for misunderstanding your argument. It's unfortunate you seem to have gotten upset about it instead of simply clarifying your position. It did rather appear that you were arguing like Hume, that it's always more likely that it's a case of deceit or mistake than a miracle. But if that's not what you mean, fair enough.

              I want evidence which can ONLY be accounted for by the existence of the Christian God.

              I think you're shifting the goal posts. I can't imagine you using this sort of criteria for anything else in antiquity.

              I can explain this, not just with natural, expected and wholly uninteresting features of human behaviour, psychology and limitation but I could explain it with the existence of supernatural entities which are not the Christian God.

              I accept that – I have never denied that you can offer natural explanations for these points – but I am yet to see one with sufficient scope for all these points, let alone sufficient explanatory power and less reliance on ad hoc. If we are to choose between competing hypotheses, I think it best to use the normal methodology – Argument to Best Explanation, not just go for the one which has the least philosophically challenging aspects.

              Example: Jesus wasn't just a man, he was half man and half flibberwikky.

              Yes.. cute, as you say, but hardly answers all of the questions and surely just brings up more – as I said, I'm not denying that this is theoretically a viable hypothesis, but you would have your work cut out to show how it fulfils the AtBE criteria any better!

              insulting to your belief system? I hope because I'm tired of being polite. I'm just doing what you are without the faux authority of 2,000 years of sociocultural conformity.

              David, I'm sorry if you think I'm trying to insult you or any beliefs you might hold. I have not intended to, nor can I see that what I've written has been anything other than polite, if somewhat vigorous, rebuttal to your argument. I certainly rely on no idea of socio-cultural conformity for authority.

              Your derision of me for 'assuming that it must have been another explanation' really only shows you simply do not get it

              I was not deriding you, simply saying how I saw your argument, which you have informed me was misunderstood.

              I'm not saying it had to be that way I'm saying it COULD of been that way and the evidence isn't clear that it wasn't. You need to do better if I'm to accept that the Judeo-Christian God is the best explanation, it might be the neatest and cleanest but it is so far out there Occam's Razor is over the horizon.

              I'm sorry for thinking that what you've written implied that you think that a natural explanation, however unlikely, trumps a supernatural one. Does your last sentence there imply that you accept that my hypothesis fulfils the AtBE criteria best?

              Am I correct in thinking that you've mistaken my argument to be that my explanation is the only possible way of explaining these points?

              I never accepted your facts to begin with

              On what grounds?

              If I was to accept your facts they have no influence over my atheism and do nothing to improve my opinion of religion or specifically Christianity.

              So why don't you accept them then? What's the problem?

              I want evidence for your god which is ONLY explainable by his existence

              I think you're shifting the goal posts. In fact, the point is not even to support a hypothesis with evidence, but in this case rather, to find a hypothesis that best explains the evidence. You seem to have it round the other way?

              I remain unconvinced of your entire religion's theological claims.

              That's fine.. I didn't expect anything different.

        • AndrewFinden

          @askegg:

          I fear @findo with come back with some flippant, irrelevant, and pointless retort.

          http://mauiganic.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/i…

      • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

        If I am to accept the 12 facts, and your argument that a single explanation should account for them all and given my lack of belief for any god I find it immensely more probable that the facts can be acounted for with a mixture of fiction and propaganda.

        I realise you think that – I've said numerous times that if one has a philosophical assumption that essentially discounts the supernatural, then of course you're going to think that. The problem is that we are not forced to accept such an assumption, and whatever we might think of the probability before applying the Argument to Best Explanation criteria is basically irrelevant – the likelihood of the explanation is deduced from applying the criteria, not before hand.

        But what your 12 facts really are saying is some people SAID they had some experiences and from this basis they went forward to found Christianity.

        Not quite. If you want to boil it down further I would say the main points that require explanation are: the empty tomb, the alleged appearances (something happened – what was it? and how does it account for the empty tomb also?) and the unlikely birth of the church. I think the explanation that fulfuls the AtBE criteria best (the only one with sufficient scope, certainly) is the one the was originally given for these events.

        Your explanation relies on proving a whole series of additional claims which do not correlate with our best explanations (supported by empirical evidence) for the manner in which the universe works.

        No, it doesn't. It would be circular to argue that I must first 'prove' that God exists – by such reasoning I could never show evidence for God until he had first been proven, which is clearly fallacious. Rather, by argument requires only the assumption that the universe might not be causally closed. Empirically speaking we simply do not know which means we must be open to both possibilities – that it might or might not be. This means that it cannot be considered impossible (only perhaps highly improbable), and thus it remains merely to apply the AtBE criteria – if there is a 'better' explanation, then it will be shown by applying the criteria to it.
        Note also that the explanation is not that Jesus was naturally raised from the dead – so the argument that people don't normally rise of the dead is not to say that no supernatural agent exists and thus cannot – if it is remotely possible that the supernatural exists, then we must allow it to be remotely possible and apply the normal criteria. I realise that if your philosophical assumptions reject the idea of a supernatural, external causal agent, then you're not going to like that.. fine.

        Your explanation could well be true but to get there you have hopped, skipped and jumped over an immense array of more likely explanations which do not propose additional claims about the nature of reality.

        'more likely' by which criteria? Your presuppositions, or the application of Argument to Best Explanation? Again, unless you can show that the supernatural doesn't exist, you have to allow that it just might – and if I conclude, via the AtBE criteria, that it is indeed the best explanation for this data, why should your philosophical assumptions force an extra circular idea of needing to prove my conclusion before I can even propose it as a conclusion?

        they shoe-horned their leader into a messianic position

        Problem is, this is nothing like what someone 'shoe-horned' into a messianic position would look like – a (cursed) dead leader was most definitely not the messiah to a 2nd Temple Jew. Further, if Rome was still in charge, and the judgement day hadn't arrived, then to their mind, the resurrection certainly hadn't happened. So your suggestion just opens up more problematic things which require explanation.

        they didn't entirely get their story straight and it took some time (decades, lol) before someone decided to write any of it down

        'decades, lol' – you might find it amusing, but it just shows your ignorance of how most ancient histories are written many decades after the events – if you compare the NT documents to other ancient texts you'll see that their date of writing in relation to the event is generally better than most of other documents. I think there is a large number of historians who would probably 'lol' at you for such a comment.
        In any case – what evidence do you have that they didn't get their story straight? Why should they have written it down any sooner, if as is the case, they were a culture of oral tradition?

      • http://intensedebate.com/people/AndrewFinden AndrewFinden

        pt 2

        A while later as the movement became a religion and orthodoxy became an issue the bible was assembled with little to no editorial process (beyond rejecting entire books).

        That's not the case – there is considerable textual evidence from the early C2nd regarding the discussions of authorship and authority of what was collated into the New Testament.

        Their emotional attachment combined with religious fervour and zeal for feeling as though their leader could of been more significant may only have grown with the earth shattering collapse of his leadership.

        Problem is – in every other case (and there are around a dozen) of would-be messiahs, their followers deserted or found a new leader (often a relation – so if James was just power hungry, why didn't he become the new messianic leader?) when he was executed – they knew very well that an executed messiah was no messiah at all. Even if they saw visions or hallucinations they would not have assumed resurrection, they would more likely have assumed that their leader was in heaven, vindicated or something like that – the resurrection claim simply comes out of the blue.
        And all the indications show that not even the disciples believed it at first, nor were they particular zealous – all abandoning him at his arrest. Why, if the accounts are legendary or generally fabricated, do they include so many embarrassing details? Why have the women as the first witnesses (unless that's how it happened?) Why make the leaders look like such idiots?

        You're right there is no evidence of devlopment because there is no evidence until at least 4 decades after the events

        Wrong. The earliest extant reference is found in Paul's first letter to the church in Corinth ( 1 Cor 15:3-7) which was written around 20-25 years later (and his authorship of this letter is not in dispute btw). This section is almost certainly a creed of some kind, which indicates that it is earlier than the text. Many think that it can be reliably traced to Paul's time in Jerusalem just after his conversion, which means that it's from within five years of the crucifixion. In other words, it's very very early, and as you see, the story is the same. In any case, a creed within 20years is still early in ancient terms. As the noted Roman historian A.N. Sherwin-White writes:

        Herodotus enables us to test the tempo of myth-making, [showing that] even two generations are too short a span to allow the mythical tendency to prevail over the hard historic core." (A.N. Sherwin-White, Roman Society and Roman Law in the New Testament, (Oxford: Clarendon Press), 1963. pp. 189-190)

        So the documents we're talking about are all basically within the first generation still…

        You can't claim the message was consistent because there was no evidence but the message that did appear when it was consistent (which it wasn't as I've already mentioned)

        I've already shown both that we can be confident of the consistency of the story from an early time – that there's no evidence that it was anything different, and that it was written written early enough that counter or conflicting stories would be expected, and secondly that we're talking historical core – the claim of death and resurrection on which there is consistency.

        I don't see very much value in these facts, all these facts say is Christianity started from some events.

        It's fine that you see little value.. not my problem. But I disagree with your conclusion. I think these points need an explanation with sufficient scope, power, and with the least reliance on ad hoc, and I am yet to see that here (or any of the anti-theist sites I've read for that matter). I do appreciate the sentiment that N.T. Wright's old Oxford tutor had in response to Wright's magisterial book on the issue – he basically said 'good argument' but that he simply chose to believe that there must be another explanation, even if he didn't know what it was.
        And that's fine.

        you'll few people like that here.

        Of course – I realise very well that this is a place where people have already made up their mind and will fall back on their philosophical assumptions, especially on an issue like this – but in fairness, I didn't exactly bring it up here!

        • http://www.facebook.com/anwyll David Gibson

          Your NT history lesson changes nothing and I'm sure you often enjoy the pleasure of correcting someone's incorrect equivocation of the assembly of canon and the establishment of a Christian Bible with the completion of the individual 'books' as they appear.

          Changes nothing of my points regarding your faulty logic which I make above. So the NT was born quicker than I said, so what?

          Does it disturb you that your God put so little effort in to establishing his saviour in history that a person can simply say 'but other explanations are possible and I don't even need to know which it is?'

          Because I don't. The philosopher is right and you have quoted him repeatedly and still don't see the significance of it in the face of your God's grand plan. I simply don't understand how someone can think about their deity so much but have such a low opinion of him. Guess my deity standards are just too high huh?

          • AndrewFinden

            Your NT history lesson changes nothing… Changes nothing of my points regarding your faulty logic which I make above. So the NT was born quicker than I said, so what?

            So it removes any validity that your argument about the time-frame of the NT had!
            My logic is not faulty – I am using a normal historical methodology. It is you who have shifted the goal-posts here, and perhaps got my argument back to front.

            The philosopher is right and you have quoted him repeatedly and still don't see the significance of it in the face of your God's grand plan.

            Which philosopher? Significance of what?

            I simply don't understand how someone can think about their deity so much but have such a low opinion of him.

            Well maybe you're just making false assumptions about my opinions..

            David, the bottom line is this: if you think there are better explanations for the historical data, then great. You're entitled to that view. I don't. I have not seen an explanation that better fulfils the Argument to Best Explanation criteria. I'm happy to accept that your conclusions are rational, even if I don't agree with them, even if I think they're the product of certain false philosophical assumptions. I'm not so sure that feeling is mutual.

            If you don't wish to continue a discussion on this issue, that's ok.
            If you're not prepared to accept the historical data, let alone look at it in any detail -preferring fairly generalised explanations that gloss over that detail – then there really isn't much point anyway, is there?

  • http://intensedebate.com/profiles/paulmurray Paul Murray

    I like Earl Doherty's "The Jusus Puzzle" and Dennis R MacDonald's "The Homeric Epics and the Gospel of Mark". No Jesus, no disciples – just a Pauline "logos" religion and a literary genius who wrote a retelling of The Oddessy in koine greek.

  • vaeda

    You can go a step further back with the "disciples wouldn't die for a lie" bit and watch ProfMTH's "DID the disciples die for a lie?" parts 1 and 2 video on youtube. They demonstrate that there isn't even any evidence that the diciples died in the manner claimed, and the list of who makes the 12 isn't even clear.

  • http://checkingaccountinfo.com Terrell Seibert

    Yes, I agree. That’s very good recommendation and I hope I could take that advice. By the way in which, thanks…

  • Pingback: Replying to Findo’s 12 facts: an intro | Things Findo Thinks

  • Pingback: Replying to Findo’s 12 facts #1 | Things Findo Thinks

  • http://andrewfinden.com/findothinks/ AndrewFinden

    Seeing as you don't seem to have pingbacks: my reply to point 1

  • Pingback: Godless Business – 12 Facts Redux


44 – An Atheist Temple

BBC News – Row over Indonesia atheist Facebook post Priority is to protect marriage | Herald Sun No Fetus Can Feed Us | Unreasonable Faith Alain de Botton: Atheism 2.0 | Video on TED.com


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